1. Material Structures of Contingency: Materiality and Embodied Interpretations in the Emergence of Factional Politics at the Lushan Conference of 1959 • Shuheng Chen, Renmin University of China.

2. To Rebel Is No Longer Justified: The Demobilization of Tsinghua Red Guards • Hanlin Tao, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

3. Runaway State-Sponsored Movement: How the CCRG Failed to Contain Beijing’s Red Guard Factional Warfare, 1966–1968 • Junliang Xu, New York University.

4. Toward a Structure–Agency Framework for Analyzing Elite Conflict: Structural Origins, Social Conjuncture, and the Outbreak of the Great Leap Forward • Ruizhe Zhang, Peking University.